Cognitive Development May Progress Gradually or Through a...

Cognitive development can be defined as the growth of our knowledge in understanding the world around us. This growth can be developed gradually, in other words, it is seen as a continuous process by collecting more information. Another way of developing cognitively is through a series of stages which involves some sort of revolution from one period to another in one’s lifetime. Jean Piaget, a cognitive developmentalist believed that humans go through a series of stages in life in order to reach their full cognitive ability. In this essay, we would briefly talk about Piaget’s Stage Theory and its criticisms. Piaget divided his theory into four different stages of development. The first one is known as the sensorimotor stage which is†¦show more content†¦Therefore, this shows that Piaget’s claim on egocentrism could be correct or wrong. Moreover, in Donaldson’s Children’s Minds (1978), she argued that children misunderstood the questions which Piaget asked while conducting the studies. This was the reason why Piaget obtained the results in his studies involving the concept of conservation especially. Donaldson stated that Piaget’s tasks had no meaningful context for the children to understand, hence they answered what they thought the experimenter expected of them. This claim was supported by Rose amp; Blank (1974) where they found children often succeeded in the conservation task. Further research was done by Samuel amp; Bryant (1978) who used conservation of number, liquid quantity and substance and obtained similar conclusion with Rose amp; Blank’s. Donaldson also stated that children were unintentionally forced to produce the wrong answer against their own logical judgment. One of the explanations is that the same question was asked repeatedly before and after transformations prese nted to them and this in turn caused the children to believe that their original answer was wrong. Thus, the idea of children assuming the fact that reality changes according to appearance could be incorrect. In addition, Piaget may have underestimated a child’s cognitive ability because based on Mitchell amp; Robinson’s (1992) study; theyShow MoreRelatedCognitvie Development1150 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive Development in Children Elteen Herman Sinte Gleska University PY 100 General Psychology Haelee Engel December 12, 2012 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Cognitive Development What is Cognitive Development? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Piaget’s Theory on Learning †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. How Cognitive learning can differ through cultures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cognitive Teaching Identifying children who may have a learning disability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ What parents and teacherRead More Cognitive and Moral Development of Children Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive and moral developments are determined by a child’s experience and environment. As the child matures into adulthood they begin to view the world differently. The capacity to imagine what other people may be thinking and feeling is defined as perspective taking (Berk, 2007). This view aids in adolescents moral understanding and development. 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Various personalized questions were asked and given scenarios that would shape my child’s physical development, cognitive development, and affect his personality. My Virtual Child has a unique set of characteristics at birth, some of which were influenced by how I answered and completed the assessment when I first logged into My Virtual Child. These characteristics gradually emerged and affected his behavior and development. When it was timeRead MoreLearning And Ivan Pavlov s Discovery Of Classical Conditioning2374 Words   |  10 PagesLearning can be considered as the process by which skills; attitudes, knowledge and con cepts are acquired, understood and extended. While we learn some concepts and ideas through instruction or teaching, we also learn through our feelings and experiences and these feelings and experiences influence what we learn, how we learn and why we learn, (www.egyankosh.ac.in). In order for us to plan and enable learning we first must understand the theories and principles that underpin them. During this essayRead MoreJean Piaget s Motivation And Foundation For His Four Stages Of Cognitive Development2752 Words   |  12 PagesHow do children learn? This was Jean Piaget’s motivation and foundation for his four stages of cognitive development. Piaget, like his father, had a dedication to his studies. As a young man he initially studied as a naturalist and received a doctorate degree in 1918. He then studied philosophy, biology, abnormal psychology and logic. He developed standardized tests, but then questioned these tests. He thought they were too strict in the questioning, and saw that children s incorrect answersRead MoreDr. Skinner, An American Psychologist, And Jean Piaget2460 Words   |  10 Pagesinfluential human development theorists of the twentieth century. The two men approached the question of human development from very different a ngles. Skinner, a behaviorist, worked from a learning perspective and saw human development as a continuous process in which changes in behavior were responses to experience and adaptation to the environment. Piaget, on the other hand, took a cognitive approach and was concerned with the evolution of mental structures. Where Skinner saw development in quantitativeRead MoreThe Development Of Childhood Development3588 Words   |  15 PagesArguably, the most vital and significantly influential time in the development of a person’s being is during their childhood years. Childhood development is the organic, emotional and mental changes that take place from birth, in progression to a more independent existence (Kail, 2011). 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DETERMINE, DISCUSS AND EVALUATE THE POINT OF VIEW OF VYGOTSKYâ€℠¢S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY AND THE INFORMATION PROCESSING APPROACH WITH REGARD TO THE ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS) * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT: ONE OR MANY * FACTORS THAT DETERMINE DEVELOPMENT (NATURE/NURTURE) Introduction Child development has many theories with different ideas about what children

Film, Paris, Burning, And The Subculture Of Black And...

The 1990s documentary film, Paris is Burning, was significant because it was one of the first major productions that brought national visibility to the LGBTQ community and the subculture of black and Latina/os who participated in ballroom performances. This seemingly new phenomenon incorporated dissing or â€Å"throwing shade,† referred to as voguing, in New York City during the 1980s, and mainly consisted of poor, people of color. These performative shows attempted to challenge and imitate dominant, white heteronormativity by role playing socially powerful categories like business executives and students, that poor, gay people of color are often denied opportunistic access to. Intersections of class highlight the devastating and somber effects†¦show more content†¦These physical expressions through â€Å"processes of non-traditional literacy production, gender/race/sexuality articulation,† is presented in ways that outside of these spaces, would be â€Å"defi nitionally obscene,† much like the harassment and violence that transgender and gay individuals, along with drag queens, often encountered in 1980s hegemonic spaces (Gregory 28). â€Å"The irony is that the very real experience of difference, the heightened awareness that it brings, should help to create a disguise so immaculate that nothing remains but the in-joke of one s private knowledge,† proving that successful gender performances are not innate nor natural, arguments that 1980s heteronormativity argued to justify oppressive power hierarchies (Hentzi 36). These performances exposed the truth of outside society’s discomfort and defensiveness of their beloved and seemingly meaningful gender, race, sexual, and class boundaries. This is because â€Å"if men can be women, blacks can be white, the poor can be rich, and gays or lesbians can be straight (and vice versa in each of these examples), then the necessity and inevitability of these boundaries become susp ect,† and these boundaries can indeed be crossed and ceased (Schacht 148). 1980s balls ultimately could prove that â€Å"hierarchical borders that previously demarcated superiority and subordination would lose their omnipotent meaning† and these

Because of postmodernist changes in economic conditions Free Essays

The current business environment is characterized by a considerable level of competitive rivalry and therefore businesses have to constantly reengineer their internal processes in order to build and maintain a competitive advantage. In this respect, a business organization has three strategies at its disposal: differentiation, cost-minimization and focus (cited in Dess, 2007). Because of postmodernist changes in economic conditions, businesses have been globalizing their operations in order to implement the strategy of cost minimization. We will write a custom essay sample on Because of postmodernist changes in economic conditions or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is because in some countries lower labor costs reduce the cost of operations. This enables businesses to build a competitive advantage. However given the high state of competitive rivalry in the current business environment, achieving sustainability is the critical success factor. Strategies of differentiation, cost minimization and focus cannot meet this objective of achieving sustainability. In order to meet this objective, the top management has to build the right organizational culture. Organizations structures must adapt constantly to the changes taking place in the external environment. As a result, the process of managing change becomes a critical success factor in the organizational context. When it comes to managing change involving an IT project, the strategic alignment process becomes relevant. This alignment takes place between IT strategy, business strategy, organizational issues and information systems issues. Managing change is a difficult process because alignment with strategic focus must be maintained. Otherwise the value of managing change will have been lost. In this regard, the critical consideration is to minimize the level of employee resistance. Most change management projects fail because of employee resistance. However the management can avoid this problem by involving the employees in the process from the beginning. In this respect, building an organizational culture based on ownership, responsibility and accountability is the critical success factor. This enables the management to enhance employee motivation. According to Hammer Champy 1994, the process of reengineering internal business processes is best facilitated through implementing the balanced scorecard methodology. This methodology becomes particularly relevant in the context of David Harvey’s account of post-modernity. According to David Harvey’s account of post-modernity, the process of international business has facilitated the high speed of labor mobility. This means that working conditions cannot be monitored sufficiently. This is because businesses are reengineering their internal business processes in terms of globalizing their operations. The balanced scorecard methodology views the organization from four perspectives: financial, customer, learning and growth, and internal business processes. The advantage in managing change under the framework of the balanced scorecard is that this process emphasizes the interconnectedness between different process chains. This facilitates the development of the project management team. Because the different process chains are interconnected, managing change means that more than one department will be affected. This enhances the complexities of managing change. However the management must maintain the continuous improvement program as a result of post-modernity as described by David Harvey. This is because the rising level of competitive rivalry forces businesses to seek new segments of the market in order to maximize shareholder wealth. This leads to the process of globalization. Normally this would increase the cost of production since the supply chain must be managed on an international basis. However in the context of post-modernity as described by David Harvey, the management in an international business can conduct the process of global segmentation in order to standardize operations across political boundaries. This facilitates the implementation of the strategy of cost minimization. This confirms the need for business process reengineering as described by Hammer Champy, 1994. As a result of this framework for strategy formulation, the competitive advantage becomes sustainable. One of the critical considerations when it comes to globalization is the need for delegation of authority. This is because consumer tastes and preferences vary across political boundaries. As a result, businesses have to vary their strategies in order to target the local market effectively. However the international business environment is characterized by a fast pace of change and therefore, local business units must be given the autonomy to formulate their own strategies. However these strategies must be in alignment with the corporate strategic focus. For this reason, delegation of authority must be supported by an efficient and effective world-wide communications structure. However in the business environment characterized by post-modernity, businesses have to reengineer their internal operations in order to meet the demands of consumerism. This standardizes demand patterns to some extent and as a result reduces the cost of operations. This also leads to the development of a sustainable competitive advantage. How to cite Because of postmodernist changes in economic conditions, Papers

Annotated Bibliography for Employability Skill Development

Question: Write about theAnnotated Bibliography for Employability Skill Development. Answer: Jackson, Denise. "Employability skill development in work-integrated learning: Barriers and best practice."Studies in Higher Education40, no. 2 (2015): 350-367. According to this study, a clear idea has been got about the work integrated learning and its importance in the undergraduate degree. However, the work integrated learning processes to equip the new graduates and it has been using widely. It has been found that the new graduates with the knowledge of work-integrated learning can perform effectively in the working environment. From the evaluation of the work, integrated learning or WIL program the process of WIL has been addressed in the context of the students. In this study, there is an account of the best practices that use in the classrooms in order to develop the employability skills. On the other hand, several factors influence the performance of individuals during WIL. According to this study, a survey has been conducted to collect data. 31 undergraduates of Australian University with different discipline are selected as the participants during this survey. In this survey, the experience of the students during the placement and their feelings about what is crucial for their learning are listed. These are aligned with the vital principles of WIL program. Apart from this problem while performing the certain skill also identified during the survey. Wilton, Nick. "The impact of work placements on skills development and career outcomes for business and management graduates."Studies in Higher Education37, no. 5 (2012): 603-620. The above study reveals that development of the graduate employability is helpful for the economic contribution in the higher education. This undergraduate employability skill has two benefits one focuses that the placement of the work provides a positive environment through which an undergraduate develops generic employability skills. The second benefit focuses that placement gives a head start to the graduates to develop their career. In this article, it has been defined that the value of work -integrated skills are crucial for the undergraduates to initiate their career. On the other hand, the work placement is valuable for the management graduates and the cohort business. A survey has been conducted in based on the undergraduates who have completed their graduation in 2003. Both qualitative and quantitative data has been collected in this survey. According to the qualitative data, a positive assessment has been found that highlights on the effectiveness of the work placement. On the other hand, quantitative data reveals a complex relationship between the labor market outcomes, placement and skill development. Ferns, Sonia, Matthew Campbell, and Karsten E. Zegwaard. "Work integrated learning." (2014): 1-6. According to this study, WIL has been using rapidly to detect the myriad experience of the undergraduate by engaging them in the workplace. Work integrated learning is a process that is associated with the experience within a set of the practice. However, WIL brings the opportunity for the undergraduates to learn and develop their skill regarding their professional development within the University. WIL includes industry visit during the undergraduate course. On the other hand, several simulating activities are associated with WIL that allows the student to enhance their engagement in a running business. Student engages in authentic way through work integrated learning program and gain experience from the workplace. WIL focuses on the career pathway and the learning outcomes from the graduate degree. A survey based on the undergraduate students has been conducted to collect data in this study. The quantitative method has been applied for the collection of data. According to the findi ngs, WIL is associated with the personal benefit, professional benefits of students and industrial benefits. On the other hand, the educational institutes also benefitted from the WIL program as work placement opportunity gives the students a unique learning opportunity. Jonsson, Bosse, Maria Skyvell Nilsson, Sandra Pennbrant, and Elisabeth Dahlborg Lyckhage. "Praxis and Work Integrated Learning as Pedagogical Approach in Nursing Education." (2014). This study focuses on the process through which the nurse's praxis is established via work integrated learning. However, WIL is considered as the pedagogical approach in the professional practice. WIL provides an analytical viewpoint by the use of reflection. This gives an opportunity to the students to develop their meta-cognitive skill, which enables them to make a reflection on their experience. For the nursing undergraduates, WIL enables them to manifest the nursing praxis by acquiring clinical learning. This makes a transformation from student to nurse. WIL integrates the theoretical learning into practical knowledge. Students in the nursing practice face challenges during the management and development of the professional competence. On the other hand, as per the experience of the new nurses, the educators focus on the normative aspects rather than the explanation of the healthcare. This ensures the need of WIL as a pedagogical approach. In the nursing practice, it is important to understand the complex relation between the theoretical and the practical knowledge. This understanding leads the undergraduate to acquire theoretical knowledge to evaluate the value of professional knowledge. This provides support to the new nurses when they exhibit new clinical demand. Hall, M. E. L. I. N. D. A., D. E. B. O. R. A. H. Pascoe, and M. E. G. A. N. Charity. "The impact of work-integrated learning experiences on attaining graduate attributes for exercise and sports science students."Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education (Special Issue)18, no. 2 (2017): 101-113. As per the study work-integrated learning is crucial as well as a compulsory element of the undergraduate course program. Therefore, in the higher education, it is also necessary to develop the skill of the individuals. WIL is an external placement that allows the student to gain practical opportunity from the workplace experience under the guidance of a supervisor. Work integrated learning varies in different professions. This approach provides an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge, into the practical field. Hence, the theoretical knowledge, which is obtained in the classroom, is utilized in the workplace. 20 students of the final year from the Federation University Australia participated in the data collection process. This methodology includes an 80 hours WIL placement and 150 WL hours in the industry visit. An online survey has been conducted in this study to take feedbacks from the students. References Ferns, Sonia, Matthew Campbell, and Karsten E. Zegwaard. "Work integrated learning." (2014): 1-6. Hall, M. E. L. I. N. D. A., D. E. B. O. R. A. H. Pascoe, and M. E. G. A. N. Charity. "The impact of work-integrated learning experiences on attaining graduate attributes for exercise and sports science students."Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education (Special Issue)18, no. 2 (2017): 101-113. Jackson, Denise. "Employability skill development in work-integrated learning: Barriers and best practice."Studies in Higher Education40, no. 2 (2015): 350-367. Jonsson, Bosse, Maria Skyvell Nilsson, Sandra Pennbrant, and Elisabeth Dahlborg Lyckhage. "Praxis and Work Integrated Learning as Pedagogical Approach in Nursing Education." (2014). Wilton, Nick. "The impact of work placements on skills development and career outcomes for business and management graduates."Studies in Higher Education37, no. 5 (2012): 603-620.